THE BEGINNING OF THE UFO PHENOMENON
1.- The Origins Enigma: that which cannot be understood or that is difficult to understand (Puig, 1994).
What is a UFO?
Its own initials define it: Unidentified Flying Object. Surely the UFO phenomenon is, among all the myths that populate the planet of the Alternative Reality (which is neither real nor alternative), the best known. About 4% of the world’s people admit to having seen a UFO (Gámez 1997).
How is it possible that with over 200 million known sightings many people still refuse to accept the evidence of the UFO phenomenon?
By the very nature of this phenomenon; Let’s explain again what UFO means: Unidentified Flying Object; this definition can include ANYTHING that appears in the skies, and cannot be identified.
And here we come to the second great definition of the subject that we are dealing with: unidentified, which is very different from unidentifiable; In fact, most UFO phenomena have a simple explanation: atmospheric phenomena, meteors, planes, worlds (can anyone confuse a world with a UFO? Yes: Gámez (1997) recounts how in 1985 the Basque police, the Asociación de Ayuda The Highway and the Red Cross chased the world Jupiter overnight, mistaking it for an alien ship). The fact is that in 52 years not a single irrefutable evidence has been obtained that UFOs are ships manned by non-human beings (the most accepted hypothesis by ufologists, although there are different ones). The purpose of this paper is to enumerate and briefly comment on all the legs that make up the chair of current ufology and see why and where it limps. I am not going to reveal anything new; Whoever wants more data can locate magnificent examples in the mentioned bibliography.
The Origins (of the phenomenon)
As everyone on the planet knows, UFOs “officially” arose in 1947, when aviator Kenneth Arnold saw, while flying his plane, a series of lights that came and went “like dessert plates being thrown into water” (in USA do people throw dishes into ponds?). This confirmation had the double “value” of starting the ufological fever and defining its main protagonists in the way most people know them today: flying saucers. For possible explanations about what Arnold actually saw and a great essay on the UFO cover-up see Ares (1997). The fact is that flying saucers became part of the iconography of a planet (and especially of the USA) that had not even recovered from World War II and the consequences it had brought: the dominance of the atom and its terrible destructive power, and the incipient Cold War. It was for this reason that the US army quickly became interested in the matter, because they could be alien ships? No, because they could be Soviet weapons. As soon as the army verified that behind the UFO phenomenon there were only rumors and unreliable reports, it stopped investigating it, although for ufologists this is not true, and what is the best evidence to prove it? Well, the army doesn’t seem interested. Anyway…
But it didn’t matter, the damage was already done. In 1950 two books were published that were destined to light the fuse of the ufological phenomenon; one of them was The flying saucers are real, by Major (retired) Donald Keyhoe, at the time founder of NICAP, at the time the most notable UFO association in the USA, and the other Behind the flying saucers, by Frank Scully, columnist for Variety; both books had an impact for the first time on the alien origin of UFOs and on the concealment by the US government of reports, and also of crashed, rescued and kept incognito alien ships in Military installations. Scully’s text has a special value, since it tells the story told to that columnist by two alleged technicians who were hired by the US government to analyze a crashed saucer. It was later revealed that the two “technicians” were two small-time con men who had tricked Scully by telling her a totally fabricated story, as the con men themselves admitted. How does a chronicle that is later recognized as false by its authors become the cornerstone of the UFO phenomenon? Who knows.
And the origins (Planetary)
An exaggeratedly curious fact is the origin of UFOs, that is, where did they come from? With space exploration and advances in knowledge in the last 50 years, the origin of these objects has been distanced. Let us remember that in the beginning UFOs were “something” of which their origin and also their own nature were unknown. When the alien origin was established the objectives were clear: Mars, Venus and the Moon. For example, George Adamski (Gómez, 1997), one of the most famous contactees, claimed to have Traveled in flying saucers and to have seen rivers, cities, and different gimmicks on Mars, the Moon, Saturn, and Venus. Despite the fact that space probes have refuted all their confirmations, they continue to be highly respected in UFO circles (Sheaffer 1994).
When space missions demonstrated that no other world harbored intelligent life (and it is scarce on ours, from what we found ourselves seeing) in our Solar System, UFOs had to move their task base beyond Pluto. Thus, we know aliens from worlds so many light years away that it is incredible that with the laws of physics they arrive on Earth in a reasonable time. And, in the event that the aliens left your planet, say, 50,000 years ago, why did they come here? What is it that attracts them? From the outside, our world is just like any other, and radio transmissions, the first thing that would have made them look at our world, have only been able to Travel a few dozen light-years since they were first broadcast. Without a “beacon” to look at, such as radio transmissions, a civilization 200 light-years apart would have around 200,000 suns to explore before reaching our planet, which is an enormous amount of time from that a civilization begins to explore the cosmos even when it finds us, surely more than a million years ago (Sagan, 1992). In various events, aliens come from worlds that simply cannot exist, such as those who contacted Eduard Meier, who claimed to come from a world located in the Pleiades, which are very young (50 mya) to possess planetary bodies (Gámez 1997 ).
But the extrasolar origin is not unique for the elusive flying objects: different hypotheses postulate that they belong to a caste that lives under the Earth, which is hollow, or on the Moon, equally hollow, or from a world that orbits just the other. end of Earth’s orbit, making it invisible, or of different dimensions. Let’s look at some of these hypotheses. Is the Earth hollow? Is our planet the most comparable to the globe of a lamp? Do the crew members of the UFOs live where not even Metro line 6 reaches? That is what the school of Ray Palmer thinks, another prominent ufologist, who one day saw a composition of satellite images (ESSA-7) and revealed that there was a huge hole hundreds of kilometers in circumference at the North Pole; Furthermore, Palmer’s people believe that the interior of the Earth is hollow and that it is illuminated by the central sun. Unfortunately Palmer did not realize that the composition was just that, a composition and not a single image, and that it had been made during the six-month polar night, so the area was never illuminated during the image taking. likewise, if we accept the sun-and-hollow story, and by reductio ad absurdum, shouldn’t there be a huge beam of light evident in much of the Northern Hemisphere (and in the ESSA-7 image), coming from sunlight? central sun rising through the hole? What’s more, shouldn’t the oceans fall through the hole into the Earth, evaporating when they get close to the sun and causing a huge geyser? Although, who knows, maybe Robert Peary had a few beers in the bar next door and later he told us the milonga that he had reached the North Pole. But we continue with the same doubt: Is the Earth hollow? Man, because thanks to the development of seismic we know a great deal about the interior of our world, and we know that it is fundamentally solid -except for the external core, which is molten- (Anguita, 1991 ). Likewise, plate tectonics, which includes various levels of convection that occasionally reach the core and sinking lithospheric pieces, is in contradiction with the existence of a hollow world, so the Hollow Earth hypothesis should clarify all these phenomena. . And what’s more, shouldn’t the value of the gravitational attraction be different from what it is if the Earth were hollow? Shouldn’t its instant of inertia be different from what it is?
How do you figure out a hollow world? A new theory of generation of astronomical bodies would have to be developed to clarify how a series of planetesimals “agree” to merge with each other, leaving a central void. The same can be said of the presumed hollowness of the Moon, the satellites of Mars and the like. And the “Anti-Earth”? Several “contactees” admit that the UFOs come from Clarion, a world located exactly at the other end of the Earth’s orbit, which would prevent us from detecting it… would it prevent it? No; the certain thing is that the celestial mechanics tells us that only three months after the presumed formation of this world, this one would be detectable through the perturbations that it would cause to the orbit of Venus; moreover, in only thirty years it would be directly evident from Earth during total eclipses of the Sun (Condon 1969). If Clarion existed, it would be as familiar to us as Venus. Another good candidate is the hypothetical world that orbited between Mars and Jupiter. According to several contactees, UFOs are ships manned by the survivors of a civilization that destroyed their world in a nuclear conflagration and who come to warn us not to do the same. Unfortunately, the asteroid belt does not seem to originate from a destroyed world, for several reasons; One is that too many of the meteorites, most of which come from the asteroid belt, have not differentiated, because they have not endured enough heat to melt, which would be almost unthinkable if they were made up of planetary remnants, in which event we would have differentiation, metamorphism and different processes that the planetary components undergo due to the circumstances of temperature and pressure inside the worlds (Anguita, 1988). Other evidence against this hypothesis is that the average age of the meteorites is the same as that of the Solar System, which forces us to think that either the meteorites are remnants of the primordial nebula, or that they are 4,550 million years ago. a world was formed in which, in a very few million years, and in the midst of the hell that the Great Meteor Bombardment supposed, life appeared, evolved into forms of intelligence that developed enough Technology to literally destroy a world, the world it was in fact destroyed and the survivors have thrown more than 4,500 m.a. wandering through the cosmos and occasionally approaching our planet. And, by the way, what nuclear explosion would be capable of destroying a planet? Let’s give some examples: the atomic bomb of Hiroshima had a power of 20 kilotons, the equivalent of 20,000 tons of TNT (Asimov, 1992). Currently we see a large number of energy applied to a place: a meteorite collision similar to the one that surely caused the extinction of the Terminal Cretaceous; Morrison and Chapman (1995) calculate that such a collision causes an explosion of the order of 108 megatons, that is, five billion (5,000,000,000) times more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb, all concentrated at a single point. This disaster caused a crater with a circumference of 300 km, that is, the collision directly affected an area of just under 71,000 km2. If we consider that the Earth’s surface is approximately 523,889,474 km2, we can assess the percentage of area directly affected: 0.01% of the Earth’s surface. This can give us an idea of the amount of energy that would have been released by the civilization that destroyed the presumed tenth world. Finally, a very fashionable theory in recent years is that UFOs are actually projections of the subconscious of the human being that become authentic because you know that you hide forces of the mind, that is, when someone estimates too much in UFOs these are “solidified” into our real planet from an alternate reality, perhaps from our own brains, although, as Sheaffer says, therefore anything imagined strongly enough by enough people should enter our reality, and I at least know of no reports of sightings of a fat old man in red pajamas on a flying sleigh, no Third Phase encounters with three (numerology) Middle Eastern monarchs following a star, despite millions of children admitting in all of them with an unshakable faith; In the same way, no matter how hard I try, I can’t materialize thousand-dollar bills in my pocket, rather they dematerialize.
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